M. Roy was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and a significant contributor to Marxist theory and radical humanism. His life was marked by extensive international travel and a commitment to revolutionary ideals. Born in the late 19th century, he initially became involved in nationalist activities in Bengal, participating in revolutionary groups seeking to overthrow British rule. This early activism led him to seek support from foreign powers, leading him to travel extensively, including to the United States and Mexico.

During his time abroad, Roy's political ideology underwent a significant transformation. He became deeply influenced by Marxist thought and played a key role in the formation of communist parties in both Mexico and India. He became a leading figure in the Comintern, the Communist International, and actively promoted communist ideology in various parts of the world. His involvement in the Comintern eventually led to disagreements and his expulsion from the organization due to differing views on strategy and tactics.

Upon his return to India, Roy became involved in the labor movement and worked to organize workers and peasants. He advocated for radical social and economic reforms, challenging both British imperialism and traditional Indian social structures. Over time, Roy's political philosophy evolved further, leading him to develop the theory of Radical Humanism. This philosophy emphasized individual freedom, reason, and morality as the basis for social progress. He believed that individuals should be at the center of any political or social system, and that society should be organized to promote their development and wellbeing. He remained a prolific writer and thinker until his death, leaving behind a rich intellectual legacy that continues to be studied and debated.