Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, a towering figure in India's social reform movement, dedicated his life to challenging the entrenched caste system and advocating for the rights of marginalized communities. Born in 1827 in Maharashtra, he belonged to the Mali caste, traditionally associated with gardening. Phule's early life was marked by the social inequalities prevalent at the time, which fueled his determination to bring about change. He received his education at a Scottish Missionary High School in Pune, where he was exposed to modern Western thought, which profoundly influenced his perspective.

In 1848, along with his wife Savitribai Phule, he established one of the first schools for girls in India, defying societal norms and facing immense opposition from conservative elements. Savitribai, herself a pioneer, became the first female teacher in the school. This bold initiative marked the beginning of Phule's lifelong commitment to education as a tool for social emancipation. He believed that education was the key to empowering the downtrodden and enabling them to challenge their oppression.

Phule went on to establish the Satyashodhak Samaj (Society of Truth Seekers) in 1873, with the aim of promoting social equality and challenging Brahmanical dominance. The Samaj advocated for a casteless society, rejected idol worship, and opposed the exploitation of the lower castes. Phule's writings, including "Gulamgiri" (Slavery) and "Shetkaryacha Asud" (Cultivator's Whipcord), critiqued the caste system and exposed the injustices faced by farmers and laborers. He relentlessly campaigned against untouchability and championed the cause of widow remarriage. His tireless efforts and unwavering commitment to social justice earned him the title of "Mahatma," a testament to his profound impact on Indian society. He passed away in 1890, leaving behind a legacy of social reform that continues to inspire generations.