Mastani was a controversial figure in 18thcentury India, primarily known for her relationship with the Maratha Peshwa (Prime Minister) Bajirao I. Born to Maharaja Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand and his Persian Muslim wife, Ruhani Bai, Mastani was raised with skills in warfare, horseback riding, and dancing, in addition to her beauty and charm. Her father's kingdom was under threat from the Mughals, and Bajirao I assisted him in defeating them, leading to a strong bond between the two. It's believed that Mastani was gifted to Bajirao as a token of gratitude for his assistance.

Her arrival in the Peshwa household in Pune caused significant turmoil. Bajirao was already married to Kashibai, and societal norms frowned upon a second marriage, especially to someone of Muslim heritage. Despite the opposition from his family, particularly his mother Radhabai and brother Chimaji Appa, Bajirao was deeply in love with Mastani. He built a separate palace for her called Mastani Mahal and treated her with respect and affection.

Their relationship faced constant social pressure and religious objections. Mastani's son, Shamsher Bahadur, was not accepted into the Brahmin community and was raised as a Muslim. The family's disapproval eventually led to a strained relationship between Bajirao and his own kin. While stories suggest Bajirao faced imprisonment or pressure to renounce Mastani, historical evidence supporting these claims is limited.

Following Bajirao's death in 1740, Mastani's fate remains somewhat shrouded in mystery. Popular accounts suggest she committed suicide upon hearing of his demise, while some historians believe she lived for a few years after his death under the protection of his son, Shamsher Bahadur. Regardless, Mastani remains a significant figure in Indian history and folklore, symbolizing a love that defied societal norms and religious boundaries.