Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, born in 1885, played a significant role in the political landscape of Nepal during a pivotal period. He belonged to the powerful Rana family, which held hereditary control over the office of Prime Minister. Ascending to this position in 1948, Mohan Shumsher became the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal. His tenure was marked by increasing pressure for democratic reforms and the eventual end of the Rana regime's autocratic rule. The political climate during his time was turbulent, with growing discontent among the population and the rise of political movements advocating for a more representative government.

One of the defining moments of his premiership was the revolution of 1950, which saw a coalition of forces, including the Nepali Congress party and King Tribhuvan, challenging the Rana oligarchy. King Tribhuvan's seeking asylum in India further fueled the movement, creating a crisis for the Rana government. Ultimately, Mohan Shumsher was compelled to negotiate with the opposition, leading to the Delhi Agreement in 1951. This agreement paved the way for the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, effectively ending the Rana family's control over the government. Mohan Shumsher subsequently resigned from his post, marking a turning point in Nepal's history and ushering in an era of modernization and democratic development. He passed away in 1967, leaving behind a legacy intertwined with the end of a longstanding political dynasty and the dawn of a new chapter for Nepal.